CPLDs are user-configurable integrated circuit products used for performing logical operations and information processing, which incorporate a higher level of functionality (i.e. more logic gates) than is characteristic of PLD or PAL devices, though less than that of FPGAs. Characteristically, CPLDs incorporate non-volatile configuration memory that enables storage and retention of the user's desired configuration directly on the device, with retention of this information when power to the device is removed.